파트 1~3: Django 명령어 모음

1. [강의 소스코드]

• 새로운 Django 프로젝트 생성하기

$ django-admin startproject mysite

• 생성한 프로젝트를 서버에서 실행하기

$ python manage.py runserver

 

2. [강의 소스코드]

• polls 앱 생성하기

$ python manage.py startapp polls

• polls/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world.")

• mysite/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("polls/", include('polls.urls'))
]

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('',views.index, name='index')
]

 

 

3. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world.")

def some_url(request):
    return HttpResponse("Some ulr을 구현해 봤습니다.")

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('',views.index, name='index')
    path('some_url',views.some_url)
]

 

4.[강의 소스코드]

• mysite/settings.py

...
# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
]
...

• polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

• migration 파일 생성하기

$ python manage.py makemigrations polls

• migration으로 실행될 SQL 문장 살펴보기

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

• migration 실행하기

$ python manage.py migrate

 

5. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    #is_something = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    #average_score = models.FloatField(default=0.0)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

• Django에서 기본으로 제공하는 SQLite 데이터베이스 파일

>>> sqlite3 db.sqlite3

• 마이그레이션 롤백

#마이그레이션을 0001버전으로 다시 롤백하기
>>>python manage.py migrate polls 0001

 

6. [강의 소스코드]

• Django Admin(관리자) 계정 생성하기

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

 

7. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import *

#Register your models here
admin.site.register(Question)
admin.site.register(Choice)

• polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'
        
class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

 

8. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

• Django Shell 실행하기

$ python manage.py shell

• Django Shell

#models.py 파일에 정의된 모든 모델 가져오기
>>> from polls.models import *
>>> Question


#모든 Question,Choice 오브젝트 가져오기
>>> Question.objects.all()
>>> Choice.objects.all()

#첫번째 Choice 오브젝트 가져오기
>>> choice = Choice.objects.all()[0]
>>> choice.id
>>> choice.choice_text
>>> choice.votes

#첫번째 Choice와 연결된 Question 가져오기
>>> choice.question
>>> choice.question.pub_date
>>> choice.question.id


#해당 Question과 연결되어 있는 모든 Choice 가져오기 
>>> question.choice_set.all()

 

9. [강의 소스코드]

• datetime을 활용하여 현재 날짜와 시간 구하기

>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> datetime.now()

• timezone을 활용하여 현재 날짜와 시간구하기

>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> timezone.now()

 

10. [강의 소스코드]

• Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *

#"커피 vs 녹차" 라는 내용의 새로운 Question 오브젝트를 생성하고 'q1'이라는 변수에 저장하기
>>> q1 = Question(question_text = "커피 vs 녹차")

#tiemzone을 활용하여 새로운 오브젝트 'q1'의 생성시각을 설정하기
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> q1.pub_date = timezone.now()

#새로운 Question 오브젝트 'q1'을 데이터베이스에 저장하기
>>> q1.save()

>>> q3 = Question(question_text = "abc")
>>> q3.pub_date = timezone.now()
>>> q3.save()
> 
#create() 메서드를 활용하여 q3와 연결된 새로운 Choice 오브젝트를 생성하고, choice_text 필드에 값을 넣어주기
>>> q3.choice_set.create(choice_text = "b")

#새로운 Choice 오브젝트를 생성하고 question 필드에 q3 값을 넣어 연결하기
>>> choice_c = Choice(choice_text='c', question=q3)

#새로운 Choice 오브젝트를 데이터베이스에 저장하기
>>> choice_c.save()

 

11. [강의 소스코드]
-Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *

#Question 오브젝트 중 가장 마지막으로 만들어진 것을 가져오기
>>> q = Question.objects.last()

#해당 오브젝트의 question_text에 새로운 내용을 더해 수정하기
>>> q.question_text = q.question_text + '???'

#Choice 오브젝트 중 가장 마지막으로 만들어진 것을 가져오기
>>> choice = Question.objects.last()

#해당 오브젝트에 연결된 Question을 통해서 choice set을 가져오기
>>> choice.queston.choice_set.all()

#해당 오브젝트를 삭제하기
>>> choice.delete()

 

12. [강의 소스코드]

• Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *

#get() 메서드를 사용하여 조건에 해당하는 오브젝트를 필터링하기
>>> Question.objects.get(id=1)
>>> q = Question.objects.get(question_text__startswith='휴가를')
>>> Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=2023) #get으로 여러가지 오브젝트를 가져오려고 한다면 에러발생
polls.models.Question.MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Question

#filter() 메서드를 사용하여 조건에 해당하는 오브젝트를 필터링하기
>>> Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2023)
<QuerySet [<Question: 제목: 휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?, 날짜: 2023-02-05 18:52:59+00:00>, <Question: 제목: 가장 좋아하는 디저트는?, 날짜: 2023-02-05 18:53:27+00:00>, ...]>
>>> Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2023).count()

#쿼리셋의 SQL 쿼리 살펴보기
>>> Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2023).query
>>> print(Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2023).query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."pub_date" BETWEEN 2023-01-01 00:00:00 AND 2023-12-31 23:59:59.999999

>>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='휴가를').query
>>> print(Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='휴가를').query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."question_text" LIKE 휴가를% ESCAPE '\'

>>> q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
>>> q.choice_set.all()
>>> print(q.choice_set.all().query)
SELECT "polls_choice"."id", "polls_choice"."question_id", "polls_choice"."choice_text", "polls_choice"."votes" FROM "polls_choice" WHERE "polls_choice"."question_id" = 1

 

13. [강의 소스코드]

• Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *

#startswith 연산자를 활용하여 오브젝트를 필터링하기
>>> q = Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='휴가를')
>>> q2 = Question.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2023)

#contains 연산자를 활용하여 오브젝트를 필터링하기
>>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__contains='휴가')

>>> Choice.objects.all()
>>> Choice.objects.filter(votes__gt=0)

#해당 쿼리셋에 대한 SQL 쿼리를 생성하기
>>> Choice.objects.filter(votes__gt=0).query
>>> print(Choice.objects.filter(votes__gt=0).query)
SELECT "polls_choice"."id", "polls_choice"."question_id", "polls_choice"."choice_text", "polls_choice"."votes" FROM "polls_choice" WHERE "polls_choice"."votes" > 0

>>> choice=Choice.objects.first()
>>> choice.votes=5
>>> choice.save()

#정규표현식을 활용하여 조건에 해당하는 오브젝트들을 필터링하기
>>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__regex=r'^휴가.*어디')
>>> print(Question.objects.filter(question_text__regex=r'^휴가.*어디').query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date", "polls_question"."owner_id" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."question_text" REGEXP ^휴가.*어디

 

14. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'
        
class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    def __str__(self):
        return f'[{self.question.question_text}] {self.choice_text}'

• Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *

#Question의 question_text 필드 값이 '휴가'로 시작하는 모든 Choice 오브젝트를 필터링하기
>>> Choice.objects.filter(question__question_text__startswith='휴가')

#exclude() 메서드를 사용하여 question_text 필드 값이 '휴가'로 시작하는 모든 Choice 오브젝트를 제외하고 필터링하기
>>> Question.objects.exclude(question_text__startswith='휴가')

 

15. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/modes.py

from django.utils import timezone
import datetime

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    
    def __str__(self):
        if self.was_published_recently():
            new_badge = 'NEW!!!'
        else:
            new_badge = ''
        return f'{new_badge} 제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'

 

16. [오타 정정 안내]
강의 중 index 뷰의 필드를 작성하는 과정에서,latest 를lastest라고 잘못 작성한 부분이 있어 안내드립니다.
직접 코드를 작성하실 때에는 lastest_question_list 를 latest_question_list로 정정하여 사용해주세요.
[강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {'first_question': latest_question_list[0]}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)

• Django Shell

>>> from polls.models import *
>>> Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] 
>>> print(Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5].query) 
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date" FROM "polls_question" ORDER BY "polls_question"."pub_date" DESC LIMIT 5

• polls/templates/polls/index.html

<ul>
    <li>{{first question}}</li>
<ul>

 

17. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/templates/polls/index.html

{% if questions %}
<ul>
    {% for question in questions %}
        <li>{{question}}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>no questions</p>
{% endif %}

• polls/views.py

from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {'questions': latest_question_list}
    #context = {'questions': []}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)

 

18. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

...
def detail(request, question_id):
    question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('some_url', views.some_url),
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
]

• polls/templates/polls/detail.html

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

 

19. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path 
from . import views  

app_name = 'polls'

urlpatterns = [     
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('some_url', views.some_url), 
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),     
    
]

• polls/templates/polls/index.html

{% if questions %}
<ul>
    {% for question in questions %}
         <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
         
    {% endfor %}
<ul>
{% else %}
<p>no questions</p>
{% endif %}

 

20. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

from models.py import *
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render , get_object_or_404

...
def detail(request, question_id):
    """
    try:
        question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    except Question.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("Question does not exist")
    """
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

21. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

...
def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question, 'error_message': '선택이 없습니다.'})
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:index'))

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path 
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'), 
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),  
]

• polls/templates/polls/detail.html

<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
    {% if error_message %}
    <p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>
    {% endif %}
    
    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
        <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">
        <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">
            {{ choice.choice_text }}
        </label>
        <br>
    {% endfor %}

<input type="submit" value="Vote">
</form>

 

22. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question, 'error_message': f"선택이 없습니다. id={request.POST['choice']}"})
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

 

23. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

from django.urls import reverse
from django.db.models import F

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question, 'error_message': f"선택이 없습니다. id={request.POST['choice']}"})
    else:
        # A서버에서도 Votes = 1
        # B서버에서도 Votes = 1 
        selected_choice.votes = F('votes') + 1
        selected_choice.save()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:index'))

 

24. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render

...
def vote(request, question_id):
...
    else:
        selected_choice.votes = F('votes') + 1
        selected_choice.save()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:result', args=(question.id,)))

def result(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/result.html', {'question': question})

• polls/templates/polls/result.html

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1><br>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

    <label>
        {{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }}
    </label>
    <br>
{% endfor %}

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
    path('<int:question_id>/result/', views.result, name='result'),
]

 

25. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Choice, Question

admin.site.register(Choice)

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        ('질문 섹션', {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('생성일', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),        
    ]
    readonly_fields = ['pub_date']
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

26. [강의 소스코드]

• polls/models.py

import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib import admin


class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose='질문')
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose='생성일')  

    @admin.display(boolean=True, description='최근생성(하루기준)')
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}

• polls/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Choice, Question

admin.site.register(Choice)

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        ('질문 섹션', {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('생성일', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),        
    ]
    readonly_fields = ['pub_date']
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    search_fields = ['question_text', 'choice__choice_text']
    
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

 

Serilaizer

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from polls.models import Question

class QuestionSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    question_text = serializers.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True)

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Question.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.question_text = validated_data.get('question_text', instance.question_text)
        instance.save()
        return instance

 

Django Shell에서 Serializer 사용하기

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from polls.models import Question

class QuestionSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    question_text = serializers.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True)

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Question.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.question_text = validated_data.get('question_text', instance.question_text) + '[시리얼라이저에서 업데이트]'
        instance.save()
        return instance

• Django Shell

#Serialize
>>> from polls.models import Question
>>> from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
>>> q = Question.objects.first()
>>> q 
<Question: 제목: 휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?, 날짜: 2023-02-05 18:52:59+09:00>
>>> serializer = QuestionSerializer(q)
>>> serializer.data
{'id': 1, 'question_text': '휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?', 'pub_date': '2023-02-05T18:52:59Z'}
>>> from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
>>> json_str = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
>>> json_str
b'{"id":1,"question_text":"\xed\x9c\xb4\xea\xb0\x80\xeb\xa5\xbc \xec\x96\xb4\xeb\x94\x94\xec\x84\x9c \xeb\xb3\xb4\xeb\x82\xb4\xea\xb3\xa0 \xec\x8b\xb6\xec\x9c\xbc\xec\x84\xb8\xec\x9a\x94?","pub_date":"2023-02-05T18:52:59Z"}'

# Deserialize
>>> import json
>>> data = json.loads(json_str)
>>> data
{'id': 1, 'question_text': '휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?', 'pub_date': '2023-02-05T18:52:59Z'}
>>> serializer = QuestionSerializer(data=data)
>>> serializer.is_valid()  
True
>>> serializer.validated_data 
OrderedDict([('question_text', '휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?')])
>>> new_question = serializer.save() # Create
>>> new_question
<Question: 제목: 휴가를 어디서 보내고 싶으세요?, 날짜: 2023-02-14 18:46:56.209215+00:00>
>>> data={'question_text': '제목수정'}
>>> serializer = QuestionSerializer(new_question, data=data) 
>>> serializer.is_valid()  
True
>>> serializer.save() # Update
<Question: 제목: 제목수정[시리얼라이저에서 업데이트], 날짜: 2023-04-25 13:15:05.852404+00:00>

#Validation이 통과하지 않는 경우
>>> long_text = "abcd"*300
>>> data = {'question_text':long_text}
>>> serializer = QuestionSerializer(data=data)
>>> serializer.is_valid()
False
>>> serializer.errors
{'question_text': [ErrorDetail(string='Ensure this field has no more than 200 characters.', code='max_length')]}

 

ModelSerializer

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from polls.models import Question

class QuestionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Question
        fields = ['id','question_text', 'pub_date']

• Django Shell

>>> from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
>>> print(QuestionSerializer())
QuestionSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(read_only=True)
    question_text = CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = DateTimeField(read_only=True)
>>> serializer = QuestionSerializer(data={'question_text':'모델시리얼라이저로 만들어 봅니다.'})
>>> serializer.is_valid()
True
>>> serializer.save()
<Question: 제목: 모델시리얼라이저로 만들어 봅니다., 날짜: 2023-02-14 19:41:081444+00:00>

 

GET

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/views.py

from polls.models import Question
from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view

@api_view()
def question_list(request):
    questions = Question.objects.all()
    serializer = QuestionSerializer(questions, many = True)
    return Response(serializer.data)

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', question_list, name='question-list')
]

• mysite/urls.py

from django.urls import include, path
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
    path('rest/', include('polls_api.urls')),
]

 

HTTP Methods

[참고 웹사이트]
https://developer.mozilla.org/ko/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods

이번 시간에 배운 CRUD 기능을 구현하는 HTTP 메서드는 다음과 같습니다.

• 데이터 생성(Create) : POST
• 데이터 조회(Read) : GET
• 데이터 업데이트(Update) : PUT
• 데이터 삭제(Delete) : DELETE

 

POST

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/views.py

from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from polls.models import Question
from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status

@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def question_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        questions = Question.objects.all()
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(questions, many = True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

 

PUT / DELETE

[강의 소스코드]

• views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

@api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def question_detail(request, id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=id)
    
    if request.method == 'GET':
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(question)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    if request.method == 'PUT':
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(question, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
        else:    
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    if request.method == 'DELETE':
        question.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', question_list, name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:id>/', question_detail, name='question-detail')
]

 

Class 기반의 뷰(Views)

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

class QuestionList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        questions = Question.objects.all()
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(questions, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

class QuestionDetail(APIView):
    def get(self, request, id):
        question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=id)
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(question)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def put(self, request, id):
        question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=id)
        serializer = QuestionSerializer(question, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
        else:    
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        
    def delete(self, request, id):
        question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=id)
        question.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:id>/', QuestionDetail.as_view(), name='question-detail'),
]

 

Mixin

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/views.py

from polls.models import Question
from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

class QuestionList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                  generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class QuestionDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                    generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view(), name='question-detail'),
]

 

Generic API View

[강의 소스코드]

• polls_api/views.py

from polls.models import Question
from polls_api.serializers import QuestionSerializer
from rest_framework import generics

class QuestionList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer

class QuestionDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Question.objects.all()
    serializer_class = QuestionSerializer